Adds immediate migration results

2026-08-18 22:12:24 +02:00
1 parent ba4121728b
commit 6a2a0667ab
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# This CMakeLists.txt is invoked in two different ways
+
+# (1) With "add_subdirectory (examples)" from GeographicLib's top-level
+# CMakeLists.txt.  This mode of invocation is flagged by the variable
+#
+#   CALLED_FROM_TOPLEVEL
+#
+# In this case, the only action taken is to install the examples and
+# this CMakeLists.txt in ${EXAMPLEDIR}.
+
+# (2) As an independent invocation of
+#
+#   cmake -S <this-directory> -B <build-directory>
+#
+# In this case, find_package (GeographicLib) is called and the examples
+# are compiled.  This mode of invocation is triggered by the
+# exampleprograms target in the top-level CMakeLists.txt.  In this case,
+# the current version of GeographicLib is found by specifying
+#
+#   -D GeographicLib_DIR=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.17.0)
+
+set (EXAMPLES0
+  example-Accumulator.cpp
+  example-AlbersEqualArea.cpp
+  example-Angle.cpp
+  example-AuxAngle.cpp
+  example-AuxLatitude.cpp
+  example-AzimuthalEquidistant.cpp
+  example-CassiniSoldner.cpp
+  example-CircularEngine.cpp
+  example-Constants.cpp
+  example-DMS.cpp
+  example-DST.cpp
+  example-Ellipsoid.cpp
+  example-EllipticFunction.cpp
+  example-GARS.cpp
+  example-GeoCoords.cpp
+  example-Geocentric.cpp
+  example-Geodesic.cpp
+  example-Geodesic-small.cpp
+  example-GeodesicExact.cpp
+  example-GeodesicLine.cpp
+  example-GeodesicLineExact.cpp
+  example-GeographicErr.cpp
+  example-Geohash.cpp
+  example-Geoid.cpp
+  example-Georef.cpp
+  example-Gnomonic.cpp
+  example-GravityCircle.cpp
+  example-GravityModel.cpp
+  example-Intersect.cpp
+  example-LambertConformalConic.cpp
+  example-LocalCartesian.cpp
+  example-MGRS.cpp
+  example-MagneticCircle.cpp
+  example-MagneticModel.cpp
+  example-Math.cpp
+  example-NearestNeighbor.cpp
+  example-NormalGravity.cpp
+  example-OSGB.cpp
+  example-PolarStereographic.cpp
+  example-PolygonArea.cpp
+  example-Rhumb.cpp
+  example-RhumbLine.cpp
+  example-SphericalEngine.cpp
+  example-SphericalHarmonic.cpp
+  example-SphericalHarmonic1.cpp
+  example-SphericalHarmonic2.cpp
+  example-TransverseMercator.cpp
+  example-TransverseMercatorExact.cpp
+  example-Trigfun.cpp
+  example-TrigfunExt.cpp
+  example-UTMUPS.cpp
+  example-Utility.cpp
+  example-Cartesian3.cpp
+  example-Conformal3.cpp
+  example-Ellipsoid3.cpp
+  example-Geodesic3.cpp
+  example-GeodesicLine3.cpp
+  )
+set (EXAMPLES1
+  GeoidToGTX.cpp make-egmcof.cpp)
+
+if (CALLED_FROM_TOPLEVEL)
+  if (EXAMPLEDIR)
+    install (FILES CMakeLists.txt ${EXAMPLES0} ${EXAMPLES1} ${EXAMPLEHEADERS}
+      DESTINATION ${EXAMPLEDIR})
+  endif ()
+  # No more to do in add_subdirectory mode, so exit
+  return ()
+endif ()
+
+project (GeographicLib-examples)
+
+# Set a default build type for single-configuration cmake generators if
+# no build type is set.
+if (NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+  set (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)
+endif ()
+
+if (MSVC OR CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
+  # For multi-config systems and for Visual Studio, the debug version of
+  # the library is called Geographic_d.
+  set (CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX "_d" CACHE STRING "The suffix for debug objects")
+else ()
+  set (CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX "" CACHE STRING "The suffix for debug objects")
+endif ()
+
+find_package (GeographicLib 2.7 REQUIRED)
+include_directories (${GeographicLib_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+
+set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+option (USE_BOOST
+  "Look for Boost library when compiling examples" ON)
+
+if (USE_BOOST)
+  # The earliest Boost version to include
+  # https://github.com/boostorg/multiprecision/pull/389
+  find_package (Boost 1.79 CONFIG COMPONENTS serialization)
+elseif (GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION EQUAL 4)
+  if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+    find_package (Boost 1.79 CONFIG)
+  endif ()
+endif ()
+
+# Compile a bunch of tiny example programs.  These are built with the
+# "exampleprograms" target.  These are mainly for including as examples
+# within the doxygen documentation; however, compiling them catches some
+# obvious blunders.
+
+if (NOT GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION OR GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION EQUAL 2)
+  # These examples all assume real = double, so check
+  # GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION.  Allow GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION to be unset
+  # to accommodate lame FindGeographicLib.cmake.
+  set (EXAMPLE_SOURCES ${EXAMPLES0})
+  if (USE_BOOST AND Boost_FOUND)
+    add_definitions (-DGEOGRAPHICLIB_HAVE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION=1)
+    include_directories ("${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+  endif ()
+else ()
+  set (EXAMPLE_SOURCES)
+endif ()
+set (EXAMPLE_SOURCES ${EXAMPLE_SOURCES} ${EXAMPLES1})
+
+set (EXAMPLES)
+foreach (EXAMPLE_SOURCE ${EXAMPLE_SOURCES})
+  get_filename_component (EXAMPLE ${EXAMPLE_SOURCE} NAME_WE)
+  set (EXAMPLES ${EXAMPLES} ${EXAMPLE})
+  add_executable (${EXAMPLE} ${EXAMPLE_SOURCE})
+  target_link_libraries (${EXAMPLE}
+    ${GeographicLib_LIBRARIES} ${GeographicLib_HIGHPREC_LIBRARIES})
+endforeach ()
+if (Boost_FOUND AND GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION EQUAL 2)
+  target_link_libraries (example-NearestNeighbor ${Boost_LIBRARIES})
+endif ()
+
+find_package (OpenMP QUIET)
+
+if (OPENMP_FOUND OR OpenMP_FOUND)
+  set_target_properties (GeoidToGTX PROPERTIES
+    COMPILE_FLAGS ${OpenMP_CXX_FLAGS})
+  if (OpenMP_CXX_INCLUDE_DIRS)
+    set_target_properties (GeoidToGTX PROPERTIES
+      INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${OpenMP_CXX_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+  endif ()
+  if (NOT WIN32)
+    set_target_properties (GeoidToGTX PROPERTIES
+      LINK_FLAGS ${OpenMP_CXX_FLAGS})
+  endif ()
+  target_link_libraries (GeoidToGTX ${OpenMP_CXX_LIBRARIES})
+endif ()
+
+if (MSVC OR CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
+  # Add _d suffix for your debug versions of the tools
+  set_target_properties (${EXAMPLES} PROPERTIES
+    DEBUG_POSTFIX ${CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX})
+endif ()
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Write out a gtx file of geoid heights above the ellipsoid.  For egm2008 at
+// 1' resolution this takes about 10 mins on a 8-processor Intel 3.0 GHz
+// machine using OpenMP.
+//
+// For the format of gtx files, see
+// https://vdatum.noaa.gov/docs/gtx_info.html#dev_gtx_binary
+//
+// data is binary big-endian:
+//   south latitude edge (degrees double)
+//   west longitude edge (degrees double)
+//   delta latitude (degrees double)
+//   delta longitude (degrees double)
+//   nlat = number of latitude rows (integer)
+//   nlong = number of longitude columns (integer)
+//   nlat * nlong geoid heights (meters float)
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#if defined(_OPENMP)
+#define HAVE_OPENMP 1
+#else
+#define HAVE_OPENMP 0
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_OPENMP
+#  include <omp.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <GeographicLib/GravityModel.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/GravityCircle.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Utility.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  // Hardwired for 3 args:
+  // 1 = the gravity model (e.g., egm2008)
+  // 2 = intervals per degree
+  // 3 = output GTX file
+  if (argc != 4) {
+    cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0]
+         << " gravity-model intervals-per-degree output.gtx\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+  try {
+    // Will need to set the precision for each thread, so save return value
+    int ndigits = Utility::set_digits();
+    string model(argv[1]);
+    // Number of intervals per degree
+    int ndeg = Utility::val<int>(string(argv[2]));
+    string filename(argv[3]);
+    GravityModel g(model);
+    int
+      nlat = Math::hd * ndeg + 1,
+      nlon = Math::td * ndeg;
+    Math::real
+      delta = 1 / Math::real(ndeg), // Grid spacing
+      latorg = -Math::qd,
+      lonorg = -Math::hd;
+    // Write results as floats in binary mode
+    ofstream file(filename.c_str(), ios::binary);
+
+    // Write header
+    {
+      Math::real transform[] = {latorg, lonorg,
+                                1/Math::real(ndeg), 1/Math::real(ndeg)};
+      unsigned sizes[] = {unsigned(nlat), unsigned(nlon)};
+      Utility::writearray<double, Math::real, true>(file, transform, 4);
+      Utility::writearray<unsigned, unsigned, true>(file, sizes, 2);
+    }
+
+    // Compute and store results for nbatch latitudes at a time
+    const int nbatch = 64;
+    vector< vector<float> > N(nbatch, vector<float>(nlon));
+
+    for (int ilat0 = 0; ilat0 < nlat; ilat0 += nbatch) { // Loop over batches
+      int nlat0 = min(nlat, ilat0 + nbatch);
+
+#if HAVE_OPENMP
+#  pragma omp parallel for
+#endif
+      for (int ilat = ilat0; ilat < nlat0; ++ilat) { // Loop over latitudes
+        Utility::set_digits(ndigits);                // Set the precision
+        Math::real lat = (latorg * ndeg + ilat) / ndeg, h = 0;
+        GravityCircle c(g.Circle(lat, h, GravityModel::GEOID_HEIGHT));
+        for (int ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ++ilon) { // Loop over longitudes
+          Math::real lon = (lonorg * ndeg + ilon) / ndeg;
+          N[ilat - ilat0][ilon] = float(c.GeoidHeight(lon));
+        } // longitude loop
+      }   // latitude loop -- end of parallel section
+
+      for (int ilat = ilat0; ilat < nlat0; ++ilat) // write out data
+        Utility::writearray<float, float, true>(file, N[ilat - ilat0]);
+    } // batch loop
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+  catch (...) {
+    cerr << "Caught unknown exception\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Accumulator class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Accumulator.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Compare using Accumulator and ordinary summation for a sum of large and
+    // small terms.
+    double sum = 0;
+    Accumulator<> acc = 0;
+    sum += 1e20; sum += 1; sum += 2; sum += 100; sum += 5000; sum += -1e20;
+    acc += 1e20; acc += 1; acc += 2; acc += 100; acc += 5000; acc += -1e20;
+    cout << sum << " " << acc() << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::AlbersEqualArea class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/AlbersEqualArea.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+   const double
+     a = Constants::WGS84_a(),
+     f = Constants::WGS84_f(),
+     lat1 = 40 + 58/60.0, lat2 = 39 + 56/60.0, // standard parallels
+     k1 = 1,                                   // scale
+     lon0 = -77 - 45/60.0;                     // Central meridian
+   // Set up basic projection
+   const AlbersEqualArea albers(a, f, lat1, lat2, k1);
+   {
+     // Sample conversion from geodetic to Albers Equal Area
+     double lat = 39.95, lon = -75.17;    // Philadelphia
+     double x, y;
+     albers.Forward(lon0, lat, lon, x, y);
+     cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+   }
+   {
+     // Sample conversion from Albers Equal Area grid to geodetic
+     double x = 220e3, y = -53e3;
+     double lat, lon;
+     albers.Reverse(lon0, x, y, lat, lon);
+     cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+   }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Angle class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Angle.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  try {
+    using ang = GeographicLib::Angle;
+    // Print table of parametric latitudes for f = 0.5
+    double f = 0.5;
+    std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(4);
+    for (double d = 0; d <= 90; d+=10) {
+      ang phi{d};
+      std::cout << double(d) << " " << double(phi.modang(1-f)) << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    std::cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::AuxAngle class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/AuxAngle.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  try {
+    using angle = GeographicLib::AuxAngle;
+    // Print table of parametric latitudes for f = 0.5
+    double f = 0.5;
+    std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(4);
+    for (int d = 0; d <= 90; d+=10) {
+      angle phi(angle::degrees(d)), beta(phi);
+      beta.y() *= (1 - f);
+      std::cout << d << " " << beta.degrees() << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    std::cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::AuxLatitude class.  See the paper
+//
+// - C. F. F. Karney,
+//   On auxiliary latitudes,
+//   Survey Review 56(395), 165--180 (2024).
+//   https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2023.2217604
+//   preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.05818
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Utility.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/AuxLatitude.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  try {
+    using latitude = GeographicLib::AuxLatitude;
+    using angle = GeographicLib::AuxAngle;
+    if (argc != 3) {
+      std::cerr << "Usage: example-AuxLatitude <n> <base-lat>\n";
+      return 1;
+    }
+    double n = GeographicLib::Utility::fract<double>(std::string(argv[1]));
+    int auxin = GeographicLib::Utility::val<int>(std::string(argv[2]));
+    double a = 1+n, b = 1-n;    // Equatorial radius and polar semiaxis
+    latitude aux(latitude::axes(a, b));
+    bool exact = true;          // Do the exact calculation
+    std::cout << std::setprecision(9) << std::fixed;
+    int m = 1;
+    for (int l = 0; l < 90*m; ++l) {
+      angle phi(angle::degrees((l+0.5)/m));
+      for (int auxout = 0; auxout < latitude::AUXNUMBER; ++auxout) {
+        angle eta = aux.Convert(auxin, auxout, phi, exact);
+        std::cout << (auxout ? " " : "") << eta.degrees();
+      }
+      std::cout << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    std::cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::AzimuthalEquidistant class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/AzimuthalEquidistant.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+    const double lat0 = 48 + 50/60.0, lon0 = 2 + 20/60.0; // Paris
+    AzimuthalEquidistant proj(geod);
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 50.9, lon = 1.8; // Calais
+      double x, y;
+      proj.Forward(lat0, lon0, lat, lon, x, y);
+      cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = -38e3, y = 230e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      proj.Reverse(lat0, lon0, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the Triaxial::Cartesian3 class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <random>
+#include <GeographicLib/Triaxial/Cartesian3.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    using Triaxial::Cartesian3;
+    Cartesian3 cart(3, 2, 1);
+    unsigned long long
+      s1 = std::random_device()(),
+      s2 = std::random_device()();
+    std::seed_seq seq{s1, s2};
+    std::mt19937 g(seq);
+    cout << "10 random points on the ellipsoid with semiaxes [3, 2, 1]\n"
+         << "X Y Z beta omega\n" << fixed << setprecision(3);
+    Cartesian3::vec3 r;
+    Angle bet, omg;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+      cart.cart2rand(g, r);
+      cart.cart2toany(r, Cartesian3::ELLIPSOIDAL, bet, omg);
+      cout << r[0] << " " << r[1] << " " << r[2] << " "
+           << double(bet) << " " << double(omg) << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::CassiniSoldner class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/CassiniSoldner.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+    const double lat0 = 48 + 50/60.0, lon0 = 2 + 20/60.0; // Paris
+    CassiniSoldner proj(lat0, lon0, geod);
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 50.9, lon = 1.8; // Calais
+      double x, y;
+      proj.Forward(lat, lon, x, y);
+      cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = -38e3, y = 230e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      proj.Reverse(x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::CircularEngine class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/CircularEngine.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/SphericalHarmonic.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  // This computes the same value as example-SphericalHarmonic.cpp using a
+  // CircularEngine (which will be faster if many values on a circle of
+  // latitude are to be found).
+  try {
+    using std::hypot;
+    int N = 3;                  // The maxium degree
+    double ca[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // cosine coefficients
+    vector<double> C(ca, ca + (N + 1) * (N + 2) / 2);
+    double sa[] = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // sine coefficients
+    vector<double> S(sa, sa + N * (N + 1) / 2);
+    double a = 1;
+    SphericalHarmonic h(C, S, N, a);
+    double x = 2, y = 3, z = 1, p = hypot(x, y);
+    CircularEngine circ = h.Circle(p, z, true);
+    double v, vx, vy, vz;
+    v = circ(x/p, y/p, vx, vy, vz);
+    cout << v << " " << vx << " " << vy << " " << vz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Example of using the Triaxial::Conformal3 class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Triaxial/Conformal3.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Triaxial::Conformal3 proj(Triaxial::Ellipsoid3::Earth());
+    cout  << fixed << setprecision(1)
+          << "Ellipsoid parameters: a = " << proj.t().a()
+          << ", b = " << proj.t().b() << ", c = " << proj.t().c() << "\n"
+          << setprecision(3)
+          << "Quadrants: x = " << proj.x0() << ", y = " << proj.y0() << "\n";
+    cout << "Coordinates angle (deg) x (m) y (m):\n";
+    cout << setprecision(2);
+    for (int i = -180; i <= 180; i += 15) {
+      double omg = i + 90, bet = i,
+        x = proj.x(Angle(omg)), y = proj.y(Angle(bet));
+      cout << i << " " << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Constants class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    cout << "WGS84 parameters:\n"
+         << "a = " << Constants::WGS84_a() << " m\n"
+         << "f = 1/" << 1/Constants::WGS84_f() << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::DMS class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/DMS.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    {
+      string dms = "30d14'45.6\"S";
+      DMS::flag type;
+      double ang = DMS::Decode(dms, type);
+      cout << type << " " << ang << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      double ang = -30.245715;
+      string dms = DMS::Encode(ang, 6, DMS::LATITUDE);
+      cout << dms << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::DST class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/Math.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/DST.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+class sawtooth {
+private:
+  double _a;
+public:
+  sawtooth(double a) : _a(a) {}
+  // only called for x in (0, pi/2].  DST assumes function is periodic, period
+  // 2*pi, is odd about 0, and is even about pi/2.
+  double operator()(double x) const { return _a * x; }
+};
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    sawtooth f(Math::pi()/4);
+    DST dst;
+    int N = 5, K = 2*N;
+    vector<double> tx(N), txa(2*N);
+    dst.reset(N);
+    dst.transform(f, tx.data());
+    cout << "Transform of sawtooth based on " << N << " points\n"
+         << "approx 1, -1/9, 1/25, -1/49, ...\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i < min(K,N); ++i) {
+      int j = (2*i+1)*(2*i+1)*(1-((i&1)<<1));
+      cout << i << " " << tx[i] << " " << tx[i]*j << "\n";
+    }
+    tx.resize(2*N);
+    dst.refine(f, tx.data());
+    cout << "Add another " << N << " points\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i < min(K,2*N); ++i) {
+      int j = (2*i+1)*(2*i+1)*(1-((i&1)<<1));
+      cout << i << " " << tx[i] << " " << tx[i]*j << "\n";
+    }
+    dst.reset(2*N);
+    dst.transform(f, txa.data());
+    cout << "Retransform of sawtooth based on " << 2*N << " points\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i < min(K,2*N); ++i) {
+      int j = (2*i+1)*(2*i+1)*(1-((i&1)<<1));
+      cout << i << " " << txa[i] << " " << txa[i]*j << "\n";
+    }
+    cout << "Table of values and integral\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i <= K; ++i) {
+      double x = i*Math::pi()/(2*K), sinx = sin(x), cosx = cos(x);
+      cout << x << " " << f(x) << " "
+           << DST::eval(sinx, cosx, txa.data(), 2*N) << " "
+           << DST::integral(sinx, cosx, txa.data(), 2*N) << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Ellipsoid class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Ellipsoid.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Ellipsoid wgs84(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Ellipsoid& wgs84 = Ellipsoid::WGS84();
+    cout << "The latitude half way between the equator and the pole is "
+         << wgs84.InverseRectifyingLatitude(45) << "\n";
+    cout << "Half the area of the ellipsoid lies between latitudes +/- "
+         << wgs84.InverseAuthalicLatitude(30) << "\n";
+    cout << "The northernmost edge of a square Mercator map is at latitude "
+         << wgs84.InverseIsometricLatitude(180) << "\n";
+    cout << "Table phi(deg)  beta-phi xi-phi mu-phi chi-phi theta-phi (mins)\n"
+         << fixed << setprecision(2);
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 90; i += 15) {
+      double phi = i,
+        bet = wgs84.ParametricLatitude(phi),
+        xi = wgs84.AuthalicLatitude(phi),
+        mu = wgs84.RectifyingLatitude(phi),
+        chi = wgs84.ConformalLatitude(phi),
+        theta = wgs84.GeocentricLatitude(phi);
+      cout << i << " "
+           << (bet-phi)*60 << " "
+           << (xi-phi)*60 << " "
+           << (mu-phi)*60 << " "
+           << (chi-phi)*60 << " "
+           << (theta-phi)*60 << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Example of using the Triaxial::Ellipsoid3 class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Triaxial/Ellipsoid3.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    using Triaxial::Ellipsoid3;
+    using ang = Angle;
+    using vec3 = Ellipsoid3::vec3;
+    Ellipsoid3 t(3, 2, 1);
+    ang bet{40}, omg{20}, alp{80};
+    vec3 r, v;
+    t.elliptocart2(bet, omg, alp, r, v);
+    cout  << fixed << setprecision(3)
+          << "[bet, omg, alp] = ["
+          << double(bet) << " " << double(omg) << " " << double(alp)
+          << "]\n => r = [" << r[0] << " " << r[1] << " " << r[2]
+          << "], v = [" << v[0] << " " << v[1] << " " << v[2] << "]\n";
+    ang betn, omgn, alpn;
+    t.cart2toellip(r, v, betn, omgn, alpn);
+    cout << " => [bet, omg, alp] = ["
+         << double(betn) << " " << double(omgn) << " " << double(alpn) << "]\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::EllipticFunction class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <GeographicLib/Math.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/EllipticFunction.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    EllipticFunction ell(0.1);  // parameter m = 0.1
+    // See Abramowitz and Stegun, table 17.1
+    cout << ell.K() << " " << ell.E() << "\n";
+    double phi = 20, sn, cn;
+    Math::sincosd(phi, sn ,cn);
+    // See Abramowitz and Stegun, table 17.6 with
+    // alpha = asin(sqrt(m)) = 18.43 deg and phi = 20 deg
+    cout << ell.E(phi * Math::degree()) << " "
+         << ell.E(sn, cn, ell.Delta(sn, cn))
+         << "\n";
+    // See Carlson 1995, Sec 3.
+    cout << fixed << setprecision(16)
+         << "RF(1,2,0)      = " << EllipticFunction::RF(1,2)      << "\n"
+         << "RF(2,3,4)      = " << EllipticFunction::RF(2,3,4)    << "\n"
+         << "RC(0,1/4)      = " << EllipticFunction::RC(0,0.25)   << "\n"
+         << "RC(9/4,2)      = " << EllipticFunction::RC(2.25,2)   << "\n"
+         << "RC(1/4,-2)     = " << EllipticFunction::RC(0.25,-2)  << "\n"
+         << "RJ(0,1,2,3)    = " << EllipticFunction::RJ(0,1,2,3)  << "\n"
+         << "RJ(2,3,4,5)    = " << EllipticFunction::RJ(2,3,4,5)  << "\n"
+         << "RD(0,2,1)      = " << EllipticFunction::RD(0,2,1)    << "\n"
+         << "RD(2,3,4)      = " << EllipticFunction::RD(2,3,4)    << "\n"
+         << "RG(0,16,16)    = " << EllipticFunction::RG(16,16)    << "\n"
+         << "RG(2,3,4)      = " << EllipticFunction::RG(2,3,4)    << "\n"
+         << "RG(0,0.0796,4) = " << EllipticFunction::RG(0.0796,4) << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cout << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GARS class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <GeographicLib/GARS.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 57.64911, lon = 10.40744; // Jutland
+      string gars;
+      for (int prec = 0; prec <= 2; ++prec) {
+        GARS::Forward(lat, lon, prec, gars);
+        cout << prec << " " << gars << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      string gars = "381NH45";
+      double lat, lon;
+      cout << fixed;
+      for (int len = 5; len <= int(gars.size()); ++len) {
+        int prec;
+        GARS::Reverse(gars.substr(0, len), lat, lon, prec);
+        cout << prec << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GeoCoords class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/GeoCoords.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Miscellaneous conversions
+    double lat = 33.3, lon = 44.4;
+    GeoCoords c(lat, lon);
+    cout << c.MGRSRepresentation(-3) << "\n";
+    c.Reset("18TWN0050");
+    cout << c.DMSRepresentation() << "\n";
+    cout << c.Latitude() << " " << c.Longitude() << "\n";
+    c.Reset("1d38'W 55d30'N");
+    cout << c.GeoRepresentation() << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Geocentric class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geocentric.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geocentric earth(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geocentric& earth = Geocentric::WGS84();
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 27.99, lon = 86.93, h = 8820; // Mt Everest
+      double X, Y, Z;
+      earth.Forward(lat, lon, h, X, Y, Z);
+      cout << floor(X / 1000 + 0.5) << " "
+           << floor(Y / 1000 + 0.5) << " "
+           << floor(Z / 1000 + 0.5) << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double X = 302e3, Y = 5636e3, Z = 2980e3;
+      double lat, lon, h;
+      earth.Reverse(X, Y, Z, lat, lon, h);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << " " << h << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Small example of using the GeographicLib::Geodesic class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+  // Distance from JFK to LHR
+  double
+    lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, // JFK Airport
+    lat2 = 51.6, lon2 = -0.5;  // LHR Airport
+  double s12;
+  geod.Inverse(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, s12);
+  cout << s12 / 1000 << " km\n";
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Geodesic class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+    {
+      // Sample direct calculation, travelling about NE from JFK
+      double lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, s12 = 5.5e6, azi1 = 51;
+      double lat2, lon2;
+      geod.Direct(lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, lat2, lon2);
+      cout << lat2 << " " << lon2 << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample inverse calculation, JFK to LHR
+      double
+        lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, // JFK Airport
+        lat2 = 51.6, lon2 = -0.5;  // LHR Airport
+      double s12;
+      geod.Inverse(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, s12);
+      cout << s12 << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Example of using the Triaxial::Geodesic3 class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Triaxial/Geodesic3.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Triaxial::Geodesic3 g(Triaxial::Ellipsoid3::Earth());
+    double bet1 = 10, omg1 = 30, bet2 = 80, omg2 = -50,
+      alp1, alp2, s12;
+    g.Inverse(bet1, omg1, bet2, omg2, s12, alp1, alp2);
+    cout << "geodesic between [" << bet1 << "," << omg1 << "] and ["
+         << bet2 << "," << omg2 << "]\n";
+    cout << fixed << setprecision(3)
+         << "s12 = " << s12 << ", alp1 = "
+         << alp1 << ", alp2 = " << alp2 << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GeodesicExact class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/GeodesicExact.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    GeodesicExact geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const GeodesicExact& geod = GeodesicExact::WGS84();
+    {
+      // Sample direct calculation, travelling about NE from JFK
+      double lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, s12 = 5.5e6, azi1 = 51;
+      double lat2, lon2;
+      geod.Direct(lat1, lon1, azi1, s12, lat2, lon2);
+      cout << lat2 << " " << lon2 << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample inverse calculation, JFK to LHR
+      double
+        lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, // JFK Airport
+        lat2 = 51.6, lon2 = -0.5;  // LHR Airport
+      double s12;
+      geod.Inverse(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, s12);
+      cout << s12 << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GeodesicLine class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/GeodesicLine.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Print waypoints between JFK and SIN
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+    double
+      lat1 = 40.640, lon1 = -73.779, // JFK
+      lat2 =  1.359, lon2 = 103.989; // SIN
+    GeodesicLine line = geod.InverseLine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
+    double ds0 = 500e3;             // Nominal distance between points = 500 km
+    int num = int(ceil(line.Distance() / ds0)); // The number of intervals
+    cout << fixed << setprecision(3);
+    {
+      // Use intervals of equal length
+      double ds = line.Distance() / num;
+      for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
+        double lat, lon;
+       line.Position(i * ds, lat, lon);
+       cout << i << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Slightly faster, use intervals of equal arc length
+      double da = line.Arc() / num;
+      for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
+        double lat, lon;
+       line.ArcPosition(i * da, lat, lon);
+       cout << i << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Check that the inspection functions for exact = true return the same
+      // as for GeodesicLineExact.
+      Geodesic geoda(6.4e6, 0.5, true);
+      GeodesicExact geodb(6.4e6, 0.5);
+      GeodesicLine linea = geoda.InverseLine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
+      GeodesicLineExact lineb = geodb.InverseLine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
+      if (! (linea.Init() == lineb.Init() &&
+             linea.Latitude() == lineb.Latitude() &&
+             linea.Longitude() == lineb.Longitude() &&
+             linea.Azimuth() == lineb.Azimuth() &&
+             linea.EquatorialAzimuth() == lineb.EquatorialAzimuth() &&
+             linea.EquatorialArc() == lineb.EquatorialArc() &&
+             linea.EquatorialRadius() == lineb.EquatorialRadius() &&
+             linea.Flattening() == lineb.Flattening() &&
+             linea.Capabilities() == lineb.Capabilities() &&
+             linea.Distance() == lineb.Distance() &&
+             linea.Arc() == lineb.Arc()) )
+        cerr << "Incompatible results compared to GeodesicLineExact\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Example of using the Triaxial::GeodesicLine3 class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Triaxial/Geodesic3.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Triaxial::Geodesic3 g(Triaxial::Ellipsoid3::Earth());
+    Triaxial::GeodesicLine3 l = g.Line(90, 0, 135);
+    // The approximate distance between opposite umbilical points
+    double s0 = 20003986;
+    int num = 20;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
+      double bet2, omg2, alp2, s12 = i*s0/num;
+      l.Position(s12, bet2, omg2, alp2);
+      cout << s12 << " " << bet2 << " " << omg2 << " " << alp2 << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GeodesicLineExact class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <GeographicLib/GeodesicExact.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/GeodesicLineExact.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Print waypoints between JFK and SIN
+    GeodesicExact geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const GeodesicExact& geod = GeodesicExact::WGS84();
+    double
+      lat1 = 40.640, lon1 = -73.779, // JFK
+      lat2 =  1.359, lon2 = 103.989; // SIN
+    GeodesicLineExact line = geod.InverseLine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
+    double ds0 = 500e3;             // Nominal distance between points = 500 km
+    int num = int(ceil(line.Distance() / ds0)); // The number of intervals
+    cout << fixed << setprecision(3);
+    {
+      // Use intervals of equal length
+      double ds = line.Distance() / num;
+      for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
+        double lat, lon;
+       line.Position(i * ds, lat, lon);
+       cout << i << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Slightly faster, use intervals of equal arc length
+      double da = line.Arc() / num;
+      for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
+        double lat, lon;
+       line.ArcPosition(i * da, lat, lon);
+       cout << i << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GeographicErr class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    throw GeographicErr("Test throwing an exception");
+  }
+  catch (const GeographicErr& e) {
+    cout << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Geohash class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geohash.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 57.64911, lon = 10.40744; // Jutland (the wikipedia example)
+      string geohash;
+      int maxlen = Geohash::GeohashLength(1.0e-5);
+      for (int len = 0; len <= maxlen; ++len) {
+        Geohash::Forward(lat, lon, len, geohash);
+        cout << len << " " << geohash << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      string geohash = "u4pruydqqvj";
+      double lat, lon, latres, lonres;
+      cout << fixed;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i <= geohash.length(); ++i) {
+        int len;
+        Geohash::Reverse(geohash.substr(0, i), lat, lon, len);
+        latres = Geohash::LatitudeResolution(len);
+        lonres = Geohash::LongitudeResolution(len);
+        cout << setprecision(max(0, Geohash::DecimalPrecision(len)))
+             << len << " "
+             << lat << "+/-" << latres/2 << " "
+             << lon << "+/-" << lonres/2 << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Geoid class
+// This requires that the egm96-5 geoid model be installed; see
+// https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/doc/geoid.html#geoidinst
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geoid.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geoid egm96("egm96-5");
+    // Convert height above egm96 to height above the ellipsoid
+    double lat = 42, lon = -75, height_above_geoid = 20;
+    double
+      geoid_height = egm96(lat, lon),
+      height_above_ellipsoid = (height_above_geoid +
+                                Geoid::GEOIDTOELLIPSOID * geoid_height);
+    cout << height_above_ellipsoid << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GARS class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <GeographicLib/Georef.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 57.64911, lon = 10.40744; // Jutland
+      string georef;
+      for (int prec = -1; prec <= 11; ++prec) {
+        Georef::Forward(lat, lon, prec, georef);
+        cout << prec << " " << georef << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      string georef = "NKLN2444638946";
+      double lat, lon;
+      int prec;
+      cout << fixed;
+      Georef::Reverse(georef.substr(0, 2), lat, lon, prec);
+      cout << prec << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      Georef::Reverse(georef.substr(0, 4), lat, lon, prec);
+      cout << prec << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      Georef::Reverse(georef, lat, lon, prec);
+      cout << prec << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Gnomonic class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Gnomonic.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+    const double lat0 = 48 + 50/60.0, lon0 = 2 + 20/60.0; // Paris
+    Gnomonic proj(geod);
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 50.9, lon = 1.8; // Calais
+      double x, y;
+      proj.Forward(lat0, lon0, lat, lon, x, y);
+      cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = -38e3, y = 230e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      proj.Reverse(lat0, lon0, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GravityCircle class
+// This requires that the egm96 gravity model be installed; see
+// https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/doc/gravity.html#gravityinst
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/GravityModel.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/GravityCircle.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    GravityModel grav("egm96");
+    double lat = 27.99, lon0 = 86.93, h = 8820; // Mt Everest
+    {
+      // Slow method of evaluating the values at several points on a circle of
+      // latitude.
+      for (int i = -5; i <= 5; ++i) {
+        double lon = lon0 + i * 0.2;
+        double gx, gy, gz;
+        grav.Gravity(lat, lon, h, gx, gy, gz);
+        cout << lon << " " << gx << " " << gy << " " << gz << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Fast method of evaluating the values at several points on a circle of
+      // latitude using GravityCircle.
+      GravityCircle circ = grav.Circle(lat, h);
+      for (int i = -5; i <= 5; ++i) {
+        double lon = lon0 + i * 0.2;
+        double gx, gy, gz;
+        circ.Gravity(lon, gx, gy, gz);
+        cout << lon << " " << gx << " " << gy << " " << gz << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::GravityModel class
+// This requires that the egm96 gravity model be installed; see
+// https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/doc/gravity.html#gravityinst
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/GravityModel.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    GravityModel grav("egm96");
+    double lat = 27.99, lon = 86.93, h = 8820; // Mt Everest
+    double gx, gy, gz;
+    grav.Gravity(lat,lon, h, gx, gy, gz);
+    cout << gx << " " << gy << " " << gz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Intersect class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Intersect.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    Intersect intersect(geod);
+    // Define the two geodesics
+    GeodesicLine lineX(geod, 0, 0, 45, Intersect::LineCaps);
+    GeodesicLine lineY(geod, 45, 10, 135, Intersect::LineCaps);
+    // Find displacement to closest intersection
+    Intersect::Point point = intersect.Closest(lineX, lineY);
+    // Check position at intersection
+    double latx, lonx, laty, lony;
+    lineX.Position(point.first, latx, lonx);
+    lineY.Position(point.second, laty, lony);
+    cout << "X intersection displacement + position "
+         << point.first << " " << latx << " " << lonx << "\n";
+    cout << "Y intersection displacement + position "
+         << point.second << " " << laty << " " << lony << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::LambertConformalConic class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/LambertConformalConic.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Define the Pennsylvania South state coordinate system EPSG:3364
+    // https://www.spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/3364/
+    const double
+      a = Constants::WGS84_a(),
+      f = 1/298.257222101,                      // GRS80
+      lat1 = 40 + 58/60.0, lat2 = 39 + 56/60.0, // standard parallels
+      k1 = 1,                                   // scale
+      lat0 = 39 + 20/60.0, lon0 =-77 - 45/60.0, // origin
+      fe = 600000, fn = 0;                      // false easting and northing
+    // Set up basic projection
+    const LambertConformalConic PASouth(a, f, lat1, lat2, k1);
+    double x0, y0;
+    // Transform origin point
+    PASouth.Forward(lon0, lat0, lon0, x0, y0);
+    x0 -= fe; y0 -= fn;
+    {
+      // Sample conversion from geodetic to PASouth grid
+      double lat = 39.95, lon = -75.17;    // Philadelphia
+      double x, y;
+      PASouth.Forward(lon0, lat, lon, x, y);
+      x -= x0; y -= y0;
+      cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample conversion from PASouth grid to geodetic
+      double x = 820e3, y = 72e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      x += x0; y += y0;
+      PASouth.Reverse(lon0, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::LocalCartesian class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geocentric.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/LocalCartesian.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geocentric earth(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geocentric& earth = Geocentric::WGS84();
+    const double lat0 = 48 + 50/60.0, lon0 = 2 + 20/60.0; // Paris
+    LocalCartesian proj(lat0, lon0, 0, earth);
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 50.9, lon = 1.8, h = 0; // Calais
+      double x, y, z;
+      proj.Forward(lat, lon, h, x, y, z);
+      cout << x << " " << y << " " << z << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = -38e3, y = 230e3, z = -4e3;
+      double lat, lon, h;
+      proj.Reverse(x, y, z, lat, lon, h);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << " " << h << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::MGRS class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <GeographicLib/UTMUPS.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/MGRS.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // See also example-GeoCoords.cpp
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 33.3, lon = 44.4; // Baghdad
+      int zone;
+      bool northp;
+      double x, y;
+      UTMUPS::Forward(lat, lon, zone, northp, x, y);
+      string mgrs;
+      MGRS::Forward(zone, northp, x, y, lat, 5, mgrs);
+      cout << mgrs << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      string mgrs = "38SMB4488";
+      int zone, prec;
+      bool northp;
+      double x, y;
+      MGRS::Reverse(mgrs, zone, northp, x, y, prec);
+      double lat, lon;
+      UTMUPS::Reverse(zone, northp, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << prec << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::MagneticCircle class
+// This requires that the wmm2010 magnetic model be installed; see
+// https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/doc/magnetic.html#magneticinst
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/MagneticModel.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/MagneticCircle.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    MagneticModel mag("wmm2010");
+    double lat = 27.99, lon0 = 86.93, h = 8820, t = 2012; // Mt Everest
+    {
+      // Slow method of evaluating the values at several points on a circle of
+      // latitude.
+      for (int i = -5; i <= 5; ++i) {
+        double lon = lon0 + i * 0.2;
+        double Bx, By, Bz;
+        mag(t, lat, lon, h, Bx, By, Bz);
+        cout << lon << " " << Bx << " " << By << " " << Bz << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      // Fast method of evaluating the values at several points on a circle of
+      // latitude using MagneticCircle.
+      MagneticCircle circ = mag.Circle(t, lat, h);
+      for (int i = -5; i <= 5; ++i) {
+        double lon = lon0 + i * 0.2;
+        double Bx, By, Bz;
+        circ(lon, Bx, By, Bz);
+        cout << lon << " " << Bx << " " << By << " " << Bz << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::MagneticModel class
+// This requires that the wmm2010 magnetic model be installed; see
+// https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/doc/magnetic.html#magneticinst
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/MagneticModel.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    MagneticModel mag("wmm2010");
+    double lat = 27.99, lon = 86.93, h = 8820, t = 2012; // Mt Everest
+    double Bx, By, Bz;
+    mag(t, lat,lon, h, Bx, By, Bz);
+    double H, F, D, I;
+    MagneticModel::FieldComponents(Bx, By, Bz, H, F, D, I);
+    cout << H << " " << F << " " << D << " " << I << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Math class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Math.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    cout << Math::pi() << " " << Math::sq(Math::pi()) << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::NearestNeighbor class.  WARNING: this
+// creates a file, pointset.xml or pointset.txt, in the current directory.
+// Read lat/lon locations from locations.txt and lat/lon queries from
+// queries.txt.  For each query print to standard output: the index for the
+// closest location and the distance to it.  Print statistics to standard error
+// at the end.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#if !defined(GEOGRAPHICLIB_HAVE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION)
+#define GEOGRAPHICLIB_HAVE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION 0
+#endif
+
+#if GEOGRAPHICLIB_HAVE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION
+// If Boost serialization is available, use it.
+#include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp>
+#include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#include <GeographicLib/NearestNeighbor.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/DMS.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+// A structure to hold a geographic coordinate.
+struct pos {
+  double _lat, _lon;
+  pos(double lat = 0, double lon = 0) : _lat(lat), _lon(lon) {}
+};
+
+// A class to compute the distance between 2 positions.
+class DistanceCalculator {
+private:
+  Geodesic _geod;
+public:
+  explicit DistanceCalculator(const Geodesic& geod) : _geod(geod) {}
+  double operator() (const pos& a, const pos& b) const {
+    double d;
+    _geod.Inverse(a._lat, a._lon, b._lat, b._lon, d);
+    if ( !(d >= 0) )
+      // Catch illegal positions which result in d = NaN
+      throw GeographicErr("distance doesn't satisfy d >= 0");
+    return d;
+  }
+};
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Read in locations
+    vector<pos> locs;
+    double lat, lon;
+    string sa, sb;
+    {
+      ifstream is("locations.txt");
+      if (!is.good())
+        throw GeographicErr("locations.txt not readable");
+      while (is >> sa >> sb) {
+        DMS::DecodeLatLon(sa, sb, lat, lon);
+        locs.push_back(pos(lat, lon));
+      }
+      if (locs.size() == 0)
+        throw GeographicErr("need at least one location");
+    }
+
+    // Define a distance function object
+    DistanceCalculator distance(Geodesic::WGS84());
+
+    // Create NearestNeighbor object
+    NearestNeighbor<double, pos, DistanceCalculator> pointset;
+
+    {
+      // Used saved object if it is available
+#if GEOGRAPHICLIB_HAVE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION
+      ifstream is("pointset.xml");
+      if (is.good()) {
+        boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(is);
+        ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(pointset);
+      }
+#else
+      ifstream is("pointset.txt");
+      if (is.good())
+        is >> pointset;
+#endif
+    }
+    // Is the saved pointset up-to-date?
+    if (pointset.NumPoints() != int(locs.size())) {
+      // else initialize it
+      pointset.Initialize(locs, distance);
+      // and save it
+#if GEOGRAPHICLIB_HAVE_BOOST_SERIALIZATION
+      ofstream os("pointset.xml");
+      if (!os.good())
+        throw GeographicErr("cannot write to pointset.xml");
+      boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(os);
+      oa << BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(pointset);
+#else
+      ofstream os("pointset.txt");
+      if (!os.good())
+        throw GeographicErr("cannot write to pointset.txt");
+      os << pointset << "\n";
+#endif
+    }
+
+    ifstream is("queries.txt");
+    double d;
+    int count = 0;
+    vector<int> k;
+    while (is >> sa >> sb) {
+      ++count;
+      DMS::DecodeLatLon(sa, sb, lat, lon);
+      d = pointset.Search(locs, distance, pos(lat, lon), k);
+      if (k.size() != 1)
+          throw GeographicErr("unexpected number of results");
+      cout << k[0] << " " << d << "\n";
+    }
+    int setupcost, numsearches, searchcost, mincost, maxcost;
+    double mean, sd;
+    pointset.Statistics(setupcost, numsearches, searchcost,
+                        mincost, maxcost, mean, sd);
+    int
+      totcost = setupcost + searchcost,
+      exhaustivecost = count * pointset.NumPoints();
+    cerr
+      << "Number of distance calculations = " << totcost << "\n"
+      << "With an exhaustive search = " << exhaustivecost << "\n"
+      << "Ratio = " << double(totcost) / exhaustivecost << "\n"
+      << "Efficiency improvement = "
+      << 100 * (1 - double(totcost) / exhaustivecost) << "%\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::NormalGravity class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/NormalGravity.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    NormalGravity grav(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_GM(),
+                       Constants::WGS84_omega(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const NormalGravity& grav = NormalGravity::WGS84();
+    double lat = 27.99, h = 8820; // Mt Everest
+    double gammay, gammaz;
+    grav.Gravity(lat, h, gammay, gammaz);
+    cout << gammay << " " << gammaz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::OSGB class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <GeographicLib/OSGB.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/DMS.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation from
+      // A guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain
+      double
+        lat = DMS::Decode(52,39,27.2531),
+        lon = DMS::Decode( 1,43, 4.5177);
+      double x, y;
+      OSGB::Forward(lat, lon, x, y);
+      string gridref;
+      OSGB::GridReference(x, y, 2, gridref);
+      cout << fixed << setprecision(3)
+           << x << " " << y << " " << gridref << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      string gridref = "TG5113";
+      double x, y;
+      int prec;
+      OSGB::GridReference(gridref, x, y, prec);
+      double lat, lon;
+      OSGB::Reverse(x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << fixed << setprecision(8)
+           << prec << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::PolarStereographic class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/PolarStereographic.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    PolarStereographic proj(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f(),
+                            Constants::UPS_k0());
+    // Alternatively:
+    // const PolarStereographic& proj = PolarStereographic::UPS();
+    bool northp = true;
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 61.2, lon = -149.9; // Anchorage
+      double x, y;
+      proj.Forward(northp, lat, lon, x, y);
+      cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = -1637e3, y = 2824e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      proj.Reverse(northp, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::PolygonArea class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/PolygonArea.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Geodesic geod(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Geodesic& geod = Geodesic::WGS84();
+    PolygonArea poly(geod);
+    poly.AddPoint( 52,  0);     // London
+    poly.AddPoint( 41,-74);     // New York
+    poly.AddPoint(-23,-43);     // Rio de Janeiro
+    poly.AddPoint(-26, 28);     // Johannesburg
+    double perimeter, area;
+    unsigned n = poly.Compute(false, true, perimeter, area);
+    cout << n << " " << perimeter << " " << area << "\n";
+    // This adds a test for a bug fix for AddEdge.  (Implements the
+    // Planimeter29 test in geodtest.c.)
+    PolygonArea poly1(geod);
+    poly1.AddPoint(0,0);
+    poly1.AddEdge(90,1000);
+    poly1.AddEdge(0,1000);
+    poly1.AddEdge(-90,1000);
+    n = poly1.Compute(false, true, perimeter, area);
+    // The area should be 1e6.  Prior to the fix it was 1e6 - A/2, where
+    // A = ellipsoid area.
+    cout << n << " " << perimeter << " " << area << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Rhumb class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Rhumb.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Rhumb rhumb(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Rhumb& rhumb = Rhumb::WGS84();
+    {
+      // Sample direct calculation, travelling about NE from JFK
+      double lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, s12 = 5.5e6, azi12 = 51;
+      double lat2, lon2;
+      rhumb.Direct(lat1, lon1, azi12, s12, lat2, lon2);
+      cout << lat2 << " " << lon2 << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample inverse calculation, JFK to LHR
+      double
+        lat1 = 40.6, lon1 = -73.8, // JFK Airport
+        lat2 = 51.6, lon2 = -0.5;  // LHR Airport
+      double s12, azi12;
+      rhumb.Inverse(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, s12, azi12);
+      cout << s12 << " " << azi12 << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::RhumbLine class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <GeographicLib/Rhumb.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // Print waypoints between JFK and SIN
+    Rhumb rhumb(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f());
+    // Alternatively: const Rhumb& rhumb = Rhumb::WGS84();
+    double
+      lat1 = 40.640, lon1 = -73.779, // JFK
+      lat2 =  1.359, lon2 = 103.989; // SIN
+    double s12, azi12;
+    rhumb.Inverse(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, s12, azi12);
+    RhumbLine line = rhumb.Line(lat1, lon1, azi12);
+    double ds0 = 500e3;             // Nominal distance between points = 500 km
+    int num = int(ceil(s12 / ds0)); // The number of intervals
+    cout << fixed << setprecision(3);
+    {
+      // Use intervals of equal length
+      double ds = s12 / num;
+      for (int i = 0; i <= num; ++i) {
+        double lat, lon;
+       line.Position(i * ds, lat, lon);
+       cout << i << " " << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::SphericalEngine class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/SphericalEngine.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  // See also example-SphericHarmonic.cpp
+  try {
+    int N = 3;                  // The maxium degree
+    double ca[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // cosine coefficients
+    vector<double> C(ca, ca + (N + 1) * (N + 2) / 2);
+    double sa[] = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // sine coefficients
+    vector<double> S(sa, sa + N * (N + 1) / 2);
+    SphericalEngine::coeff c[1];
+    c[0] = SphericalEngine::coeff(C, S, N);
+    double f[] = {1};
+    double x = 2, y = 3, z = 1, a = 1;
+    double v, vx, vy, vz;
+    v = SphericalEngine::Value<true, SphericalEngine::FULL, 1>
+      (c, f, x, y, z, a, vx, vy, vz);
+    cout << v << " " << vx << " " << vy << " " << vz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::SphericalHarmonic class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/SphericalHarmonic.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    int N = 3;                  // The maxium degree
+    double ca[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // cosine coefficients
+    vector<double> C(ca, ca + (N + 1) * (N + 2) / 2);
+    double sa[] = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // sine coefficients
+    vector<double> S(sa, sa + N * (N + 1) / 2);
+    double a = 1;
+    SphericalHarmonic h(C, S, N, a);
+    double x = 2, y = 3, z = 1;
+    double v, vx, vy, vz;
+    v = h(x, y, z, vx, vy, vz);
+    cout << v << " " << vx << " " << vy << " " << vz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::SphericalHarmonic1 class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/SphericalHarmonic1.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    int N = 3, N1 = 2;                  // The maxium degrees
+    double ca[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // cosine coefficients
+    vector<double> C(ca, ca + (N + 1) * (N + 2) / 2);
+    double sa[] = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // sine coefficients
+    vector<double> S(sa, sa + N * (N + 1) / 2);
+    double cb[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+    vector<double> C1(cb, cb + (N1 + 1) * (N1 + 2) / 2);
+    double sb[] = {3, 2, 1};
+    vector<double> S1(sb, sb + N1 * (N1 + 1) / 2);
+    double a = 1;
+    SphericalHarmonic1 h(C, S, N, C1, S1, N1, a);
+    double tau = 0.1, x = 2, y = 3, z = 1;
+    double v, vx, vy, vz;
+    v = h(tau, x, y, z, vx, vy, vz);
+    cout << v << " " << vx << " " << vy << " " << vz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::SphericalHarmonic2 class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/SphericalHarmonic2.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    int N = 3, N1 = 2, N2 = 1;                     // The maxium degrees
+    double ca[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // cosine coefficients
+    vector<double> C(ca, ca + (N + 1) * (N + 2) / 2);
+    double sa[] = {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; // sine coefficients
+    vector<double> S(sa, sa + N * (N + 1) / 2);
+    double cb[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+    vector<double> C1(cb, cb + (N1 + 1) * (N1 + 2) / 2);
+    double sb[] = {3, 2, 1};
+    vector<double> S1(sb, sb + N1 * (N1 + 1) / 2);
+    double cc[] = {2, 1};
+    vector<double> C2(cc, cc + (N2 + 1));
+    vector<double> S2;
+    double a = 1;
+    SphericalHarmonic2 h(C, S, N, N, N, C1, S1, N1, N1, N1,
+                         C2, S2, N2, N2, 0, a);
+    double tau1 = 0.1, tau2 = 0.05, x = 2, y = 3, z = 1;
+    double v, vx, vy, vz;
+    v = h(tau1, tau2, x, y, z, vx, vy, vz);
+    cout << v << " " << vx << " " << vy << " " << vz << "\n";
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::TransverseMercator class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/TransverseMercator.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+// Define a UTM projection for an arbitrary ellipsoid
+class UTMalt {
+private:
+  TransverseMercator _tm;       // The projection
+  double _lon0;                 // Central longitude
+  double _falseeasting, _falsenorthing;
+public:
+  UTMalt(double a,              // equatorial radius
+         double f,              // flattening
+         int zone,              // the UTM zone + hemisphere
+         bool northp)
+    : _tm(a, f, Constants::UTM_k0())
+    , _lon0(6 * zone - 183)
+    , _falseeasting(5e5)
+    , _falsenorthing(northp ? 0 : 100e5) {
+    if (!(zone >= 1 && zone <= 60))
+      throw GeographicErr("zone not in [1,60]");
+  }
+  void Forward(double lat, double lon, double& x, double& y) {
+    _tm.Forward(_lon0, lat, lon, x, y);
+    x += _falseeasting;
+    y += _falsenorthing;
+  }
+  void Reverse(double x, double y, double& lat, double& lon) {
+    x -= _falseeasting;
+    y -= _falsenorthing;
+    _tm.Reverse(_lon0, x, y, lat, lon);
+  }
+};
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    UTMalt tm(6378388, 1/297.0, 30, true); // International ellipsoid, zone 30n
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 40.4, lon = -3.7; // Madrid
+      double x, y;
+      tm.Forward(lat, lon, x, y);
+      cout << fixed << setprecision(0) << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = 441e3, y = 4472e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      tm.Reverse(x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << fixed << setprecision(5) << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::TransverseMercatorExact class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/TransverseMercatorExact.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    TransverseMercatorExact proj(Constants::WGS84_a(), Constants::WGS84_f(),
+                                 Constants::UTM_k0());
+    // Alternatively:
+    // const TransverseMercatorExact& proj = TransverseMercatorExact::UTM();
+    double lon0 = -75;          // Central meridian for UTM zone 18
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 40.3, lon = -74.7; // Princeton, NJ
+      double x, y;
+      proj.Forward(lon0, lat, lon, x, y);
+      cout << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      double x = 25e3, y = 4461e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      proj.Reverse(lon0, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Trigfun class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Trigfun.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  try {
+    // Approximate 1/sqrt(1 - k2*sin(x)^2) by a Fourier series
+    double k2 = Math::sq(0.8);
+    auto f = [k2] (double x) -> double
+    { return 1/sqrt(1 - k2 * Math::sq(sin(x))); };
+    Trigfun tf(f, false, false, Math::pi()/2);
+    cout << "Number of coefficients: " << tf.NCoeffs() << "\n";
+    cout << "x tf(x) tf(x)-f(x)\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 20; ++i) {
+      double x = i/10.0;
+      cout << x << " " << tf(x) << " " << tf(x) - f(x) << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    std::cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::TrigfunExt class.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Trigfun.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/EllipticFunction.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  try {
+    // Integrate 1/sqrt(1 - k2*sin(x)^2) and compare this to the elliptic
+    // integral of the first kine.
+    double k2 = Math::sq(0.8);
+    auto f = [k2] (double x) -> double
+    { return 1/sqrt(1 - k2 * Math::sq(sin(x))); };
+    TrigfunExt tfe(f, Math::pi()/2);
+    cout << "Number of coefficients: " << tfe.NCoeffs() << "\n";
+    EllipticFunction ell(k2);
+    cout << "x tf(x) tf(x)-F(x)\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 20; ++i) {
+      double x = i/10.0;
+      cout << x << " " << tfe(x) << " " << tfe(x) - ell.F(x) << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    std::cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::UTMUPS class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <GeographicLib/UTMUPS.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    // See also example-GeoCoords.cpp
+    {
+      // Sample forward calculation
+      double lat = 33.3, lon = 44.4; // Baghdad
+      int zone;
+      bool northp;
+      double x, y;
+      UTMUPS::Forward(lat, lon, zone, northp, x, y);
+      string zonestr = UTMUPS::EncodeZone(zone, northp);
+      cout << fixed << setprecision(2)
+           << zonestr << " " << x << " " << y << "\n";
+    }
+    {
+      // Sample reverse calculation
+      string zonestr = "38n";
+      int zone;
+      bool northp;
+      UTMUPS::DecodeZone(zonestr, zone, northp);
+      double x = 444e3, y = 3688e3;
+      double lat, lon;
+      UTMUPS::Reverse(zone, northp, x, y, lat, lon);
+      cout << lat << " " << lon << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Example of using the GeographicLib::Utility class
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <exception>
+#include <GeographicLib/Utility.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    int
+      d1 = Utility::day(1939, 9, 3),  // Britain declares war on Germany
+      d2 = Utility::day(1945, 8, 15); // Japan surrenders
+    cout << d2 - d1 << "\n";          // Length of Second World War for Britain
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Write the coefficient files needed for approximating the normal gravity
+// field with a GravityModel.  WARNING: this creates files, wgs84.egm.cof and
+// grs80.egm.cof, in the current directory.
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <GeographicLib/NormalGravity.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Utility.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace GeographicLib;
+
+int main() {
+  try {
+    Utility::set_digits();
+    const char* filenames[] = {"wgs84.egm.cof", "grs80.egm.cof"};
+    const char* ids[] = {"WGS1984A", "GRS1980A"};
+    for (int grs80 = 0; grs80 < 2; ++grs80) {
+      ofstream file(filenames[grs80], ios::binary);
+      Utility::writearray<char, char, false>(file, ids[grs80], 8);
+      const int N = 20, M = 0,
+        cnum = (M + 1) * (2 * N - M + 2) / 2; // cnum = N + 1
+      vector<int> num(2);
+      num[0] = N; num[1] = M;
+      Utility::writearray<int, int, false>(file, num);
+      vector<Math::real> c(cnum, 0);
+      const NormalGravity& earth(grs80 ? NormalGravity::GRS80() :
+                                 NormalGravity::WGS84());
+      for (int n = 2; n <= N; n += 2)
+        c[n] = - earth.DynamicalFormFactor(n) / sqrt(Math::real(2*n + 1));
+      Utility::writearray<double, Math::real, false>(file, c);
+      num[0] = num[1] = -1;
+      Utility::writearray<int, int, false>(file, num);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const exception& e) {
+    cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+  catch (...) {
+    cerr << "Caught unknown exception\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+The MIT License (MIT).
+
+Copyright (c) 2008-2025, Charles Karney
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>GeographicLib-2.7 documentation</title>
+    <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh"
+          CONTENT="0; URL=https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/index.html">
+  </head>
+  <body topmargin=10 leftmargin=10>
+    <h3>
+      <blockquote>
+        <em>
+          Online documentation for GeographicLib version
+          2.7 is available at
+          <center>
+            <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/index.html">
+              https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/index.html</a>.
+          </center>
+          <br>
+          You will be redirected there.  Click on the link to go there
+          directly.
+        </em>
+      </blockquote>
+    </h3>
+  </body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>GeographicLib-2.7 utilities</title>
+    <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh"
+          CONTENT="0; URL=https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/utilities.html">
+  </head>
+  <body topmargin=10 leftmargin=10>
+    <h3>
+      <blockquote>
+        <em>
+          Online documentation for utilities for GeographicLib version
+          2.7 is available at
+          <center>
+            <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/utilities.html">
+              https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/utilities.html</a>.
+          </center>
+          <br>
+          You will be redirected there.  Click on the link to go there
+          directly.
+        </em>
+      </blockquote>
+    </h3>
+  </body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH Cart3Convert 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+Cart3Convert \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Cart3Convert
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/Cart3Convert.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH CartConvert 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+CartConvert \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B CartConvert
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/CartConvert.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH Conformal3Proj 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+Conformal3Proj \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Conformal3Proj
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/Conformal3Proj.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH ConicProj 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+ConicProj \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B ConicProj
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/ConicProj.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH GeoConvert 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+GeoConvert \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B GeoConvert
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/GeoConvert.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH Geod3Solve 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+Geod3Solve \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Geod3Solve
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/Geod3Solve.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH GeodSolve 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+GeodSolve \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B GeodSolve
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/GeodSolve.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH GeodesicProj 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+GeodesicProj \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B GeodesicProj
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/GeodesicProj.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH GeoidEval 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+GeoidEval \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B GeoidEval
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/GeoidEval.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH Gravity 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+Gravity \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Gravity
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/Gravity.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH IntersectTool 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+IntersectTool \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B IntersectTool
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/IntersectTool.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH MagneticField 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+MagneticField \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B MagneticField
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/MagneticField.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH Planimeter 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+Planimeter \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Planimeter
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/Planimeter.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH RhumbSolve 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+RhumbSolve \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B RhumbSolve
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/RhumbSolve.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.TH TransverseMercatorProj 1 "" "GeographicLib Utilities" "GeographicLib Utilities"
+.SH NAME
+TransverseMercatorProj \-\- a GeographicLib utility
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B TransverseMercatorProj
+is part of GeographicLib, <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For
+documentation, see
+.PP
+    https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.7/TransverseMercatorProj.1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.TH geographiclib-get-geoids 8 "" GeographicLib GeographicLib
+.SH NAME
+geographiclib-get-geoids \-\- a GeographicLib administrative tool
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B geographiclib-get-geoids
+downloads and installs the geoids datasets used by GeographicLib,
+<https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For documentation, supply the
+.B \-h
+option:
+.PP
+    geographiclib-get-geoids \-h
+.PP
+By default, the datasets are installed in
+.I /usr/local/share/GeographicLib/geoids
+and the script requires write access to this directory.
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.TH geographiclib-get-gravity 8 "" GeographicLib GeographicLib
+.SH NAME
+geographiclib-get-gravity \-\- a GeographicLib administrative tool
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B geographiclib-get-gravity
+downloads and installs the gravity datasets used by GeographicLib,
+<https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For documentation, supply the
+.B \-h
+option:
+.PP
+    geographiclib-get-gravity \-h
+.PP
+By default, the datasets are installed in
+.I /usr/local/share/GeographicLib/gravity
+and the script requires write access to this directory.
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.TH geographiclib-get-magnetic 8 "" GeographicLib GeographicLib
+.SH NAME
+geographiclib-get-magnetic \-\- a GeographicLib administrative tool
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B geographiclib-get-magnetic
+downloads and installs the magnetic datasets used by GeographicLib,
+<https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io>.  For documentation, supply the
+.B \-h
+option:
+.PP
+    geographiclib-get-magnetic \-h
+.PP
+By default, the datasets are installed in
+.I /usr/local/share/GeographicLib/magnetic
+and the script requires write access to this directory.